Est. MMXXIVIssue №135Vol. II
London - LisbonThu 29 Oct 2026

Read Before Monday

A weekly dispatch by Vitor Domingos · With links, on Sunday, nothing urgent
№ 135 / Weekly
Issue 93
Sun 4 Jan
Sunday Dispatch · № 93 · 4 Jan 2026 · 8 min

Welcome to 2026! What a strange start, right? We kickoff between TPUs suddenly having a moment, rats legitimately learning to play DOOM, and the internet quietly questioning its own sou… The TPU “vibe-shift” isn’t really about performance so much as power, who controls access, who sets terms, and how much risk you take when your supplier is also your competitor. Rats Play DOOM, meanwhile, is the internet at its best: serious engineering, radical openness, and zero hype, held back only by the unglamorous need for data and validation. Then, a call for hand-built, convivial websites pushes in the same direction, trading scale for agency and reminding us that not everything worth doing should optimise for growth. We then zoom out further, arguing that both AI panic and Western complacency miss the real story: systems win, not vibes, and China’s strength lies in infrastructure and industrial depth, not sci-fi timelines. Bringing it back to the trenches, where LLMs have stopped being magical and started being expensive, brittle, and unavoidable; infrastructure in impact, if not yet in trust. Put together, this all feels like technology growing up: less wonder, more responsibility, fewer shortcuts, and no clear adult supervision in sight.

In this issue
5 pieces

This Chip Letter argues there’s a sudden “vibe-shift” towards Google’s Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), driven by two triggers:

This Chip Letter argues there’s a sudden “vibe-shift” towards Google’s Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), driven by two triggers:

TPUs training Google’s market-leading Gemini 3, and Google deciding to sell TPUs to third parties (reportedly including Meta). Rather than add more hot takes on TPU v7, the author recaps Google’s long runway, from TPU origins in 2013 and systolic-array roots in a 1978 paper, through steady generational improvements and a move towards large “Cloud AI Supercomputers”. It frames Google’s TPU programme as advantaged by money, vertical stack control, datacentre experience, and no legacy workloads. The author then spotlights Google’s commercial dilemma in selling TPUs to firms that compete with its core businesses, suggesting Google’s control over allocation is central, while warning customers against becoming dependent on a company known for discontinuing products. Finally, it questions simplistic “GPU trains, TPU infers” assumptions, notes architectural convergence, and curates further reading on TPU v7 “Ironwood”.

My take

Through a vendor-and-ecosystem lens, this post’s strongest point is that hardware performance is only half the story; control and software gravity decide adoption. “Google’s dilemma” here lands because it names the awkward truth: likely TPU buyers are also strategic adversaries, and Google can ration access “year by year”. That is a commercial feature for Google, but a procurement risk for customers, amplified by the implied history of discontinuations (“Killed by Google”). On the competitive side, the post usefully challenges the lazy split that “GPUs train, TPUs infer”, citing Google’s TPU-only training for Gemini 3, and predicting convergence as GPUs add matrix-focused units and shed some FP64 emphasis. Still, the practical blocker is ecosystem: the cited SemiAnalysis excerpt frames open-sourcing parts of XLA:TPU and multi-pod code as a missing ingredient to challenge the CUDA moat. If Google can throttle supply and you’re betting the company on Ironwood, you’re basically asking for ulcers. And if you’re Google, do you really want to subsidise competitors just to grab some margin?

Here's a custom-built virtual reality rig designed to let rats play DOOM ... It describes a complete system: a motion-tracked treadmill ball for locomotion, a curved panoramic display mounted as a headset

Here's a custom-built virtual reality rig designed to let rats play DOOM ... It describes a complete system: a motion-tracked treadmill ball for locomotion, a curved panoramic display mounted as a headset

, a paw-operated trigger for firing, and an automated sugar-water reward circuit. The team claims all hardware and software are open sourced, including 3D-printable parts, circuit diagrams, firmware, and control software, and it outlines the evolution from a simpler v1 build to a more modular v2. The page also states clear limitations and current status. It says the team reached habituation but did not complete full training, because rats aged out before testing, and behavioural validation remains pending. It nonetheless reports that rats learned basic navigation and trigger use, with habituation taking around two weeks per rat. For others aiming to replicate the system, it sketches a Python-based control stack that links a PC game environment with a Raspberry Pi handling real-time sensors, actuation, and reward delivery.

My take

Talking about Stranger Things... No, not that one. This is delightfully over-engineered in the best way: proper hardware, proper control loop, and a clear attempt to open-source the lot. I like that it’s honest about where it stopped; habituation isn’t “the rats played DOOM”, it’s the bit before the hard science. Still, the design choices feel thoughtful: precise 10 µL rewards, a motorised trigger for demonstrations, and a modular frame that others can rebuild. The weak spot is evidence; if you’re claiming navigation and shooting, where’s the basic plots and trial stats? Cute concept, serious build - Love it! This is what we need in 2026!

Henry’s essay laments how the modern internet ; once a playground for curiosity and creativity, has become industrialised and extractive.

Henry’s essay laments how the modern internet ; once a playground for curiosity and creativity, has become industrialised and extractive.

Drawing parallels with the automobile’s shift from liberating tool to societal dependency, he argues that the web’s radical monopolies (Big Tech platforms) now shape human behaviour more than humans shape the web. The piece borrows from Ivan Illich’s Tools for Conviviality, suggesting the digital commons has been captured by commercial incentives that convert user creativity into shareholder value. He proposes a reversal through “convivial tooling”: small, autonomous, hand-built websites. Henry positions personal sites as resistance to industrialised web culture, with creative acts of self-determination in a network designed for ownership and joy.

My take

I loved this; it’s half lament, half rallying cry. The metaphor of the car that stopped serving people is dead-on, and Henry’s plea for “convivial” webcraft feels like therapy for the over-algorithmed. Still, it’s easier said than done. Most people don’t have time to handcraft HTML between gigs and rent. But maybe that’s the point: a slow, local, joyful internet won’t scale, and that’s fine. His five rules sound almost pastoral compared to today’s platform grind. Hand-coded rebellion with a touch of poetry? I’ll take it. The essay’s ethical through-line, ownership, sustainability, and self-determination, reminds us that humane technology starts small, in one’s own digital garden.

Dan Wang annual lette r blends memoir, geopolitics, and technology analysis to assess Silicon Valley, artificial intelligence, and US–China competition.

Dan Wang annual lette r blends memoir, geopolitics, and technology analysis to assess Silicon Valley, artificial intelligence, and US–China competition.

Wang contrasts the Bay Area’s meritocracy and dynamism with its insularity, humourlessness, and herd behaviour, arguing that tech culture increasingly mirrors Leninist systems in its intolerance of dissent. He critiques apocalyptic AI discourse, especially claims of imminent “decisive strategic advantage”, and warns that such thinking narrows policy horizons and encourages short-termism. The letter’s core argument is that China’s technological rise is rooted not in theft or subsidies alone, but in deep industrial ecosystems, infrastructure, and ferocious competition. Wang suggests the US risks overconcentrating on AI and software while neglecting power generation, manufacturing, and diffusion. Rather than “winning the AI race”, he argues the real contest is “winning the AI future”: deploying technology across society while sustaining pluralism, resilience, and long-term growth.

My take

Viewed through a geopolitics-and-industrial-policy lens, this letter is a critique of narrative failure among Western elites. Wang argues that US discourse misdiagnoses China’s technological rise by overemphasising cheating, subsidies, or demographic collapse, while ignoring industrial ecosystems, infrastructure depth, and competitive intensity. His scepticism of “decisive strategic advantage” in AI is analytically sound: it exposes how speculative timelines drive policy urgency without empirical grounding, distorting priorities towards compute races rather than societal deployment. The most policy-relevant claim is that AI leadership without manufacturing capacity, power generation, and diffusion mechanisms is brittle. By contrast, China’s whole-of-society approach, while authoritarian, is better suited to embedding technology at scale. The essay ultimately reframes competition as dynamic rather than terminal, shaped by agency, reform, and error. Its value lies less in prescriptions than in reorienting strategic attention from spectacle to systems.

Simon Willison article reviews 2025 as a pivotal year for large language models, focusing on rapid capability gains, shifting deployment patterns, and changing developer practices.

Simon Willison article reviews 2025 as a pivotal year for large language models, focusing on rapid capability gains, shifting deployment patterns, and changing developer practices.

Willison charts the mainstreaming of LLM-powered features across consumer and enterprise software, noting improvements in reasoning, multimodality, and tool use. He highlights how model access increasingly diversified, with open-weight models narrowing gaps with frontier systems while APIs from major vendors became more expensive and more strategically constrained. The piece situates these developments in a broader ecosystem context. It argues that developer leverage moved away from prompt cleverness towards system design, evaluation, and integration. Concerns around hallucinations, data leakage, and misuse persisted, but practical mitigations improved. Willison frames 2025 as the year LLMs became normal infrastructure: no longer novel, still imperfect, and increasingly shaped by economics, governance, and operational discipline rather than raw model performance.

My take

This felt refreshingly un-hyped for a year-end LLM roundup. I like the framing that the clever bits have shifted from prompts to plumbing, as it matches what actually hurts in practice. The excitement is quieter now, replaced by cost spreadsheets, eval harnesses, and “will this break next week?” anxiety. That’s probably healthy. His attention to open-weight models is also well-judged: their narrowing performance gap meaningfully changes bargaining power, even if operational realities still favour large vendors. Where the piece is most valuable is in highlighting economics as a first-class design constraint. Rising API costs, shifting terms, and opaque roadmaps now shape architecture decisions as much as benchmarks do. Developers are asked to treat LLMs like stable dependencies while vendors iterate like startups. Until that mismatch settles, LLMs may be infrastructural in impact, but not yet infrastructural in trust.

The Premise
What you need to read before your busy Monday, published every Sunday

Read Before Monday is a weekly newsletter from Vitor Domingos - with a handful of articles, essays and oddities collected over the week, annotated with a short opinion, and sent before Monday morning.

No breaking news. No ten-thousand-word think pieces. No affiliate links. Just a small, curated and considered list of things worth sitting with.

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Vitor Domingos
Writing from London
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Type Archivo · Space Mono
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